Before they are allowed to be used, all medicines, including vaccines, are ---- tested to assess how safe and effective they are.

In non-literate societies, valuable information about the past is often enshrined in oral tradition – poems, hymns or sayings ---- from generation to generation by word of mouth.

---- the types of individuals it seeks to attract, an organization ---- to consider what methods to use to reach them.

As Antarctic glaciers collapse ---- the sea, scientists struggle to find out what that means ---- the rise of sea levels.

---- deriving two-thirds of its power supply from fossil fuels, power producers in India cannot get enough pipeline space to distribute natural gas.

Despite the political upheavals in the Arab world, ----.

It might not be practical to use a different password for every single website that you log into ----.

----, Indian culture was primarily oral, with a high value placed on recounting tales and dreams.

For the last 20 years, there has been an ongoing argument as to whether jazz is no longer an exclusively American let alone an Afro-American music.

Kendine ait önemli rezervleri bulunmayan dünyanın en büyük enerji tüketicisi Avrupa Birliği, ihtiyaç duyduğu enerjinin % 50’sini ithal etmektedir ve ithal enerjiye olan bağımlılığının 2030 yılına kadar % 70’e çıkacağı tahmin edilmektedir.

Imagine an industry that runs out of raw materials. Companies go bankrupt, workers are laid off, families suffer and associated organizations are thrown into turmoil. Eventually, governments are forced to take drastic action. Welcome to global banking, recently brought to its knees by the interruption of its lifeblood – the flow of cash. In this case, we seem to have been fortunate. In the nick of time, governments released reserves in order to start cash circulating again. But what if the reserves had not been there? What are we going to do when our supplies of vital materials such as fish, tropical hardwoods, metals like indium and fresh water dry up? We live on a planet with finite resources – that is no surprise to anyone – so why do we have an economic system in which all that matters is growth – more growth means using more resources. When the human population was counted in millions and resources were sparse, people could simply move to new pastures. However, with 9 billion people expected around 2050, moving on is not an option. As politicians reconstruct the global economy, they should take heed. If we are to leave any kind of planet to our children, we need an economic system that lets us live within our means.

The author starts the passage with an example from industry in order to ----.

Imagine an industry that runs out of raw materials. Companies go bankrupt, workers are laid off, families suffer and associated organizations are thrown into turmoil. Eventually, governments are forced to take drastic action. Welcome to global banking, recently brought to its knees by the interruption of its lifeblood – the flow of cash. In this case, we seem to have been fortunate. In the nick of time, governments released reserves in order to start cash circulating again. But what if the reserves had not been there? What are we going to do when our supplies of vital materials such as fish, tropical hardwoods, metals like indium and fresh water dry up? We live on a planet with finite resources – that is no surprise to anyone – so why do we have an economic system in which all that matters is growth – more growth means using more resources. When the human population was counted in millions and resources were sparse, people could simply move to new pastures. However, with 9 billion people expected around 2050, moving on is not an option. As politicians reconstruct the global economy, they should take heed. If we are to leave any kind of planet to our children, we need an economic system that lets us live within our means.

According to the passage, the global banking crisis was resolved because governments ----.

Imagine an industry that runs out of raw materials. Companies go bankrupt, workers are laid off, families suffer and associated organizations are thrown into turmoil. Eventually, governments are forced to take drastic action. Welcome to global banking, recently brought to its knees by the interruption of its lifeblood – the flow of cash. In this case, we seem to have been fortunate. In the nick of time, governments released reserves in order to start cash circulating again. But what if the reserves had not been there? What are we going to do when our supplies of vital materials such as fish, tropical hardwoods, metals like indium and fresh water dry up? We live on a planet with finite resources – that is no surprise to anyone – so why do we have an economic system in which all that matters is growth – more growth means using more resources. When the human population was counted in millions and resources were sparse, people could simply move to new pastures. However, with 9 billion people expected around 2050, moving on is not an option. As politicians reconstruct the global economy, they should take heed. If we are to leave any kind of planet to our children, we need an economic system that lets us live within our means.

The main point made in the passage is that ----.

Imagine an industry that runs out of raw materials. Companies go bankrupt, workers are laid off, families suffer and associated organizations are thrown into turmoil. Eventually, governments are forced to take drastic action. Welcome to global banking, recently brought to its knees by the interruption of its lifeblood – the flow of cash. In this case, we seem to have been fortunate. In the nick of time, governments released reserves in order to start cash circulating again. But what if the reserves had not been there? What are we going to do when our supplies of vital materials such as fish, tropical hardwoods, metals like indium and fresh water dry up? We live on a planet with finite resources – that is no surprise to anyone – so why do we have an economic system in which all that matters is growth – more growth means using more resources. When the human population was counted in millions and resources were sparse, people could simply move to new pastures. However, with 9 billion people expected around 2050, moving on is not an option. As politicians reconstruct the global economy, they should take heed. If we are to leave any kind of planet to our children, we need an economic system that lets us live within our means.

It is pointed out in the passage that in the past ----.

Jale:  Here is an article about how people react in emergencies. Researchers say that when more people are around, it reduces the chances of actually being helped.

Adnan:  ----

Jale:  Apparently, onlookers provide a model for action. If they are docile and disinterested, the situation may seem less serious.

Adnan:  I think if there is only one bystander, your chance of being helped increases, as he will think he must help immediately.

Ayça:  Do you think environmental factors like diet and stress affect the ageing process as much as the decline of hormonal systems?

Berkan:  ----

Ayça:  So, you mean physiological and environmental factors contribute to one’s longevity to the same degree.

Berkan:  Definitely! I also think living in an extended family and playing an important role in society bring in some beneficial effects.

Most measurements of happiness are by standardized questionnaires or interview schedules. It could also be done by informed observers – those who know the individual well and see them regularly. ---- Yet, another form of measurement is to investigate a person’s memory and check whether they feel predominantly happy or unhappy about their past. Finally, there are some crude but ever-developing physical measures looking at everything from brain scanning to saliva levels.

Everything in the factories of the future will be run by smarter software. Digitization in manufacturing will have as widespread an effect as in other industries that have gone digital, including photography, publishing and films. Such effects will not be confined to large manufacturers, either. ---- Launching new and innovative products will become easier and cheaper for them.

Stephen Hawking, the famed theoretical physicist diagnosed with Lou Gehrig’s disease, lost the ability to speak thirty years ago. In the meantime, a computerized voice generated by an infrared sensor inside Hawking’s mouth has allowed him to communicate. According to a recent report, however, the muscles controlling the device have been deteriorating, limiting him to as little as one word per minute. ---- This is a horrifying prospect for the scientific community that has benefitted greatly from his findings. But a new device recording brain functions at an unprecedented level of detail was developed and has been proposed to improve Hawking’s ability to communicate once again.

(I) Aristotle explored the apparent ties between odour and memory in his work On Sense and the Sensible. (II) Since then, people have speculated that the memories elicited by smell are more intimate and immediate than other recollections. (III) When we experience certain smells, we often find ourselves taken back in time to a specific event or scene. (IV) Many movies of the 1980s include scenes that trigger memories of childhood and school years. (V) For example, the smell of a salsa, a sauce eaten with Mexican food, may remind a person of watching James Bond movies on television with his or her father while dipping chips in the spicy sauce.