YÖKDİL Fen Bilimleri Testleri - Okuma Parçası 2
Soru 1 |
As well as being the largest mountain range on the planet, the Himalayas is also one of the youngest. Just seventy million years ago, a very short time in geological terms, the Himalayas did not exist. As the Indo-Australian tectonic plate collided with the Eurasian plate at the rate of about 15 centimetres a year, the ocean floor in between began to rise up to form the mountain range. This means that much of the rock out of which these towering peaks are made was formed at the bottom of an ocean, only to be lifted up thousands of metres into the air. The evidence for this extraordinary journey is not difficult to find. If you look closely at any piece of Himalayan limestone, you will see it has a chalky, granular structure. What you are looking at are the remains of sea creatures. Given a relatively short timescale and a bit of pressure, these biological remains are quickly converted into solid rock. Limestone can also be formed by the direct precipitation of calcium carbonate from water, although the biological sedimentary form is more abundant. We know that the Himalayan limestone is predominantly biological because we have found fossils at the top of Mount Everest. There is perhaps no better example of the endless recycling of Earth’s resources that has been going on since its formation almost five billion years ago.
According to the passage, the Himalayas ----.
was formed comparatively recently by geological
standards | |
is the source of most geological activity on the
planet | |
came into being as a result of a violent volcanic
eruption seventy million years ago | |
is rapidly shifting its position at the rate of
approximately 15 centimetres annually | |
is unique in the time period in which it was formed |
Soru 2 |
As well as being the largest mountain range on the planet, the Himalayas is also one of the youngest. Just seventy million years ago, a very short time in geological terms, the Himalayas did not exist. As the Indo-Australian tectonic plate collided with the Eurasian plate at the rate of about 15 centimetres a year, the ocean floor in between began to rise up to form the mountain range. This means that much of the rock out of which these towering peaks are made was formed at the bottom of an ocean, only to be lifted up thousands of metres into the air. The evidence for this extraordinary journey is not difficult to find. If you look closely at any piece of Himalayan limestone, you will see it has a chalky, granular structure. What you are looking at are the remains of sea creatures. Given a relatively short timescale and a bit of pressure, these biological remains are quickly converted into solid rock. Limestone can also be formed by the direct precipitation of calcium carbonate from water, although the biological sedimentary form is more abundant. We know that the Himalayan limestone is predominantly biological because we have found fossils at the top of Mount Everest. There is perhaps no better example of the endless recycling of Earth’s resources that has been going on since its formation almost five billion years ago.
According to the passage, the origin of the Himalayas ----
is difficult to determine due to changes in the
composition of its rocks | |
can be traced by examining the behaviour of its
animal species | |
is evident in the fossils found in its structure | |
can now be studied by examining the rocks found in
nearby seas | |
is not easy to be determined due to the fact that
they fell into the ocean
|
Soru 3 |
As well as being the largest mountain range on the planet, the Himalayas is also one of the youngest. Just seventy million years ago, a very short time in geological terms, the Himalayas did not exist. As the Indo-Australian tectonic plate collided with the Eurasian plate at the rate of about 15 centimetres a year, the ocean floor in between began to rise up to form the mountain range. This means that much of the rock out of which these towering peaks are made was formed at the bottom of an ocean, only to be lifted up thousands of metres into the air. The evidence for this extraordinary journey is not difficult to find. If you look closely at any piece of Himalayan limestone, you will see it has a chalky, granular structure. What you are looking at are the remains of sea creatures. Given a relatively short timescale and a bit of pressure, these biological remains are quickly converted into solid rock. Limestone can also be formed by the direct precipitation of calcium carbonate from water, although the biological sedimentary form is more abundant. We know that the Himalayan limestone is predominantly biological because we have found fossils at the top of Mount Everest. There is perhaps no better example of the endless recycling of Earth’s resources that has been going on since its formation almost five billion years ago.
According to the passage, limestone ----.
will transform back into a softer form of rock in time | |
can be formed in different ways involving both
organic and non-organic substances | |
provides an ideal environment in which fossils can
be preserved | |
is found almost always on sea floors with a limited
variety of sea life
| |
is the material of which most mountain ranges are
composed |
Soru 4 |
As well as being the largest mountain range on the planet, the Himalayas is also one of the youngest. Just seventy million years ago, a very short time in geological terms, the Himalayas did not exist. As the Indo-Australian tectonic plate collided with the Eurasian plate at the rate of about 15 centimetres a year, the ocean floor in between began to rise up to form the mountain range. This means that much of the rock out of which these towering peaks are made was formed at the bottom of an ocean, only to be lifted up thousands of metres into the air. The evidence for this extraordinary journey is not difficult to find. If you look closely at any piece of Himalayan limestone, you will see it has a chalky, granular structure. What you are looking at are the remains of sea creatures. Given a relatively short timescale and a bit of pressure, these biological remains are quickly converted into solid rock. Limestone can also be formed by the direct precipitation of calcium carbonate from water, although the biological sedimentary form is more abundant. We know that the Himalayan limestone is predominantly biological because we have found fossils at the top of Mount Everest. There is perhaps no better example of the endless recycling of Earth’s resources that has been going on since its formation almost five billion years ago.
It is understood from the passage that ----.
most of the Earth’s mineral resources are biological
in origin | |
the Earth’s resources are constantly being reformed
and reused
| |
the Himalayas provide the most complete fossil
record to be found on Earth | |
the emergence of the Himalayas caused the
extinction of many forms of ocean life | |
further study of the Himalayan fossils will help
scientists predict future tectonic plate movement
|
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