Cognitive-behavioural therapy, a type of psychotherapy, has proven effective in treating anxiety disorders. In this type of therapy, the therapist first educates the person about the nature of his or her particular anxiety disorder. -------. For example, to treat a person with a snake phobia, a therapist might gradually expose the person to snakes, beginning with pictures of snakes and progressing to rubber snakes and real snakes. Then, the patient can use relaxation techniques acquired in therapy to overcome the fear of snakes.

Acupuncture is based on the concept of ‘qi’, a life force or energy that practitioners say flows through the body along twenty distinct routes called meridians. -------. Inserting acupuncture needles at specific points along specific meridians is thought to clear those blockages and restore ‘qi’s natural flow, which in turn restores patients to health. Scientists have long understood that ‘qi’ is not a legitimate biological entity. But the acupuncture proponents among them have argued that acupuncture itself might still work, albeit by an as yet unknown mechanism.

(I) Hearing loss, however subtle, may have significant effects on a person’s ability to function in, and enjoy everyday life. (II) Researchers have been exploring the aging process for many decades in order to help slow it down. (III) Even mild to moderate hearing loss removes many common sounds from daily experience. (IV) Hearing aids, though they cannot restore normal sound quality and hearing, make it possible to participate in conversation and to hear many of the sounds that provide orientation to one’s personal environment. (V) With accommodation, most people with hearing loss are able to fully participate in nearly all activities that those who have normal hearing can experience.

(I) There exists a wide variety of non-infectious diseases and disorders of the human respiratory system. (II) In many cases, psychological therapy may include the treatment of patients as a couple or family. (III) These conditions can be classified according to the specific anatomical regions of the respiratory tract that they affect. (IV) Thus, there are diseases of the upper airways; diseases of the pleura; diseases of the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs; and diseases of the mediastinum and diaphragm. (V) Although these divisions provide a general outline of the ways in which diseases may affect the lung, they are by no means rigid.

(I) Seasonal Affective Disorder is a subtype of depression usually characterized by the onset of depression in autumn or winter (II) Seasonal Affective Disorder is twice as common in women as in men and is associated with psychomotor retardation, hypersomnia, overeating, and weight gain. (III) To establish the diagnosis, this type of depression must recur for three or more consecutive years. (IV) The treatment of Seasonal Affective Disorder relies primarily on phototherapy, using a full-spectrum light source of 10,000 lux for a minimum of 30 minutes a day. (V) Every year about 10 million Americans have a depressive episode linked to unemployment, but about only 20 percent usually seek treatment.

(I) The normal cardiac cycle is controlled by an orderly sequence of depolarisation spreading into the ventricular myocardium through specialised conducting tissue. (II) Under the given circumstances, scientists have to find new sources of funding to their projects. (III) In ventricular fibrillation this coordinated sequence is lost and individual muscle cells depolarise in an apparently random fashion with the loss of all coordinated muscular activity. (IV) In such a case, in which muscular activity is lost, the heart stops functioning as an effective pump. (V) In the absence of cardiac output or a functioning pump, the myocardium becomes more ischaemic and irreversible cerebral anoxic damage occurs within a few minutes.

A recent study has introduced a new treatment for skeletal system injuries. A carbon material, which could lead to more powerful treatments for skeletal system injuries, such as fractures, is included for the first time in such studies. The purpose of the trial is to develop a new kind of medication to repair injured bone using stem cells from human bone marrow as well as these carbon nanotubes. In the study, it is expected that this research could lead to the enhancement of bone regeneration. The use of stem cells taken from human bone marrow has already been tried in fracture treatment due to their potential to regenerate bone in patients who have lost large areas of bone from either disease or trauma, and progress has been made. However, this research has opened up the possibility of developing a new kind of medication that effectively treats skeletal injuries, such as fractures. Furthermore, it may lead to such advancements as making artificial joints and teeth with the use of 3D printing.

It is clear from the  text that -------.

A recent study has introduced a new treatment for skeletal system injuries. A carbon material, which could lead to more powerful treatments for skeletal system injuries, such as fractures, is included for the first time in such studies. The purpose of the trial is to develop a new kind of medication to repair injured bone using stem cells from human bone marrow as well as these carbon nanotubes. In the study, it is expected that this research could lead to the enhancement of bone regeneration. The use of stem cells taken from human bone marrow has already been tried in fracture treatment due to their potential to regenerate bone in patients who have lost large areas of bone from either disease or trauma, and progress has been made. However, this research has opened up the possibility of developing a new kind of medication that effectively treats skeletal injuries, such as fractures. Furthermore, it may lead to such advancements as making artificial joints and teeth with the use of 3D printing.

The text is mainly about -------.

There are many different subtypes of type A influenza virus. These subtypes differ because of certain proteins on the surface of the virus. Infection with certain avian influenza A virus caused by some H5 and H7 strains can cause widespread disease and death among some species of domestic birds. Since 1997, several outbreaks of H5 and H7 influenza have occurred only among poultry in the United States. In some parts of the world, the H5N1 avian influenza virus and H7N9 virus have, however, resulted in bird flu in humans. Bird flu has a high death rate in humans, possibly because people have little immune system protection against avian influenza viruses. Most cases of bird flu infection in people have occurred as a result of contact with infected birds. Infection also may result from contact with contaminated surfaces, from eating undercooked poultry or eggs from infected birds or through contact with a person who has bird flu, which in fact rarely occurs. Researchers look at a number of factors including the genetic markers of each virus to help determine the risk for human infection.

We understand from the text that ------- .

There are many different subtypes of type A influenza virus. These subtypes differ because of certain proteins on the surface of the virus. Infection with certain avian influenza A virus caused by some H5 and H7 strains can cause widespread disease and death among some species of domestic birds. Since 1997, several outbreaks of H5 and H7 influenza have occurred only among poultry in the United States. In some parts of the world, the H5N1 avian influenza virus and H7N9 virus have, however, resulted in bird flu in humans. Bird flu has a high death rate in humans, possibly because people have little immune system protection against avian influenza viruses. Most cases of bird flu infection in people have occurred as a result of contact with infected birds. Infection also may result from contact with contaminated surfaces, from eating undercooked poultry or eggs from infected birds or through contact with a person who has bird flu, which in fact rarely occurs. Researchers look at a number of factors including the genetic markers of each virus to help determine the risk for human infection.

According to the text, -------.